In addition to my last two posts (here and here), here are a couple of additional information sources to help make the case for major investment to be made into global earth repair/ecosystem restoration work.

The United Nations Environment Programme recently published a report titled "Dead Planet, Living Planet – Biodiversity and Ecosystem Restoration for Sustainable Development: A Rapid Response Assessment" (15mb PDF). What makes this document so useful and important is that it presents compelling arguments for performing this work that speak to the concerns of business & economics just as much as it does of those concerned about the state of our global ecology and environment. Doing so will prove to be invaluable in helping to attract funding in amounts befitting the vital importance of this work.

Below, I’ve excerpted portions of the report’s summary that are of particular interest:

• Ecosystems, from forests and freshwater to coral reefs and soils, deliver essential services to humankind estimated to be worth over USD 72 trillion a year – comparable to World Gross National Income. Yet in 2010, nearly two-thirds of the globe’s ecosystems are considered degraded as a result of damage, mismanagement and a failure to invest and reinvest in their productivity, health and sustainability.
• Biodiversity and ecosystems deliver crucial services to humankind – from food security to keeping our waters clean, buffering against extreme weather, providing medicines to recreation and adding to the foundation of human culture. Together these services have been estimated to be worth over 21–72 trillion USD every year – comparable to the World Gross National Income of 58 trillion USD in 2008.
• Effective conservation is the cheapest and most optimal option for securing services, costing only from tens to a few hundred USD per hectare.
• Indeed, restoration costs range from hundreds to thousands, or even hundreds of thousands of USD for every hectare restored, or over 10 fold that of effectively managed protected areas. These numbers, however, are dwarfed compared to the long-term estimated costs of loosing these ecosystem services.
• Well planned, appropriate restoration, compared to loss of ecosystem services, may provide benefit/cost ratios of 3–75 in return of investments and an internal rate of return of 7–79%, depending on the ecosystem restored and its economic context, thus providing in many cases some of the most profitable public investments including generation of jobs directly and indirectly related to an improved environment and health. Ecological restoration can further act as an engine of economy and a source of green employment.
• A world wide survey of studies looking at restoration and conservation of ecosystem services shows us that conservation and restoration provides a highly profitable, low-cost investment for maintaining ecosystem services. Increases in biodiversity and ecosystem service measures after restoration are positively related. Restoration actions focused on enhancing biodiversity should support increased provision of ecosystem services, particularly in tropical terrestrial biomes. Conversely, these results
  suggest that ecosystem restoration focused mainly on improving services should also have a primary aim at restoring biodiversity.

The report isn’t completely devoid of contentious points. In providing suggested guidelines for avoiding pitfalls in restoration projects, the native vs. non-native debate rears its ugly head. See suggestion #3 (Note: The report may be making the suggestion that carefully chosen, intended non-native species may be used):

A set of guidelines are recommended to avoid pitfalls in restoration projects. These pitfalls include, among others:

1. Unrealistic goals or changes in restoration targets in the process;
2. Improper and partial restoration which creates monocultures with little ecosystem service capacity compared to reference sites;
3. Unintended transplant of non-native invasive pests or species;
4. Lack of monitoring to ensure that restoration results in rising biodiversity and services in restored ecosystems;
5. Lack of reduction in the pressures that lead to the loss of ecosystems in the first place;
6. Lack of adequate integration of stakeholders and socio-economic issues.

The final portion of the report’s summary makes 11 excellent recommendations for ecosystem restoration work that deserve to be read. Take time to check out the link – it’s well worth it.

The video covers such diverse farming enterprises as organic cattle, sheep, poultry, pigs, grain, wine, fruit and vegetables. – overlander.tv

Click play. At the end of each segment, it’ll automatically move to the next.
60 minutes in total.

Okay, it’s taken a while and we were expecting to release this title last year. We even had a few people ask for it for last year’s Christmas, but the truth is we took too long to finish it. So now it’s here, ready to go! Elisabeth Fekonia’s Home Cheesemaking and All Things Dairy DVD has finally been released!

Elisabeth Fekonia lives on six acres near Mount Cooroy on Queensland’s Sunshine Coast and over the last 15 years she has been teaching people how to make all sorts of dairy products from raw cow and goats milk. She has two milking cows and a number of assorted goats which all have different names like “Bambi” and “Lydia” and so on, and in this true DIY permaculture title she teaches you the basics of making your own dairy delights. Cheddar Cheese from raw cow’s milk, a soft brie from goat’s milk, cottage cheese, Ghee, Kefir, Sour Cream and Yoghurt are all taught in this entertaining DVD.

She even shows you how to milk a cow or goat as well as many small tips on keeping your animals healthy. Mineralisation of stock feed is an important ingredient in keeping you and your family healthy and Elisabeth shows you how to mix your own mineral blend for your dairy cow’s diet. From milking the cow she takes you into her colourful home and into her kitchen and Elisabeth shows you how to make your own cheese without fancy implements – just simple tools that you can fashion yourself. My favourite was a stainless steel dogs bowl that she transformed into a new life as a cheese container!

If you really want to live an independent sustainable life – then Elisabeth is the real McCoy!

Elisabeth is a permaculture teacher who writes frequently for Australian lifestyle magazines as well as conducting frequent Cheese and Sour-bread making workshops in Queensland. She and her husband Frank have appeared on SBS-TV and frequently on Australian ABC Radio. You can order the DVD here!

One boy said after hugging his teacher “I’m not clever in the classroom but I’m really good in the garden, I love gardening.”

On day one of the 12 month program the students will learn all about permaculture design, looking at other examples throughout Australia for inspiration in designing their own Edible School Garden.

Once the students come up with their own garden design, we encourage parents, grandparents and friends to come and help them create their ‘instant edible garden make over’. In one day they will turn an unused area of about 10m x 10m into a productive masterpiece. From there Leonie teaches students about Permaculture.

From herbs that they are unfamiliar with like brahmi and their favourite chocolate mint, to everyday salads like kale and lettuce, grazing students will learn all facets of Permaculture and organic gardening including making compost, setting up worm farms and using their byproduct, growing food from seeds, seedlings and cuttings, organic pest control and how to harvest food.

Leonie says the highlight of the garden is harvest days when all the students get to cook, often with a local chef. “We prepare a big celebration lunch for all to share together, we will often have this as a festive day and have musicians and dances to add to the special occasion of growing our own fresh organic food to share.”

“Parents are always welcomed in the garden to work with the students and learn all about permaculture. Teaching children the connection between food and the garden is so important and eating from the garden isn’t just pleasurable but also an important part of the learning experience.”

Order here!

Additional Resources:

• Outdoor Classrooms, A Handbook for School Gardens – by Carolyn Nuttall and Janet Millington
• Seed to Seed – Food Gardens in Schools – by Jude Fanton and Jo Immig

From the Mara Soil – Film Trailer

GRA’s office plot in Musoma, Tanzania

GRA was introduced to permaculture in 2006 at a workshop with Geoff Lawton, one of the world’s leading experts and promoters of permaculture. Permaculture offered a path to connect and expand GRA’s current programs in organic gardening and tree planting, and GRA’s future plans for sustainable building, rainwater harvesting and alternative energy.

The following year, GRA organized a successful two-week Permaculture Design Course with Geoff in Musoma, Tanzania. Thirty students, both local and international, graduated; the youngest was only 11 years old! After the training, several of the local permaculture graduates began collaborating with GRA to develop more permaculture gardens and further promote the principles of permaculture to address the problems of food scarcity, poor housing, deforestation and other environmental issues in the area.

Garden bag

We now have three active permaculture demonstration plots in Tanzania, with plans for further development in the near future. Each demonstrates essential permaculture concepts like using swales to catch water for the crops, enriching the soil with nitrogen plants, harvesting water, compost-tea, compost pile, banana/papaya circles, bag garden, nursery, bank saving seeds and others. The gardens are supported by local efforts and a string of international volunteers that have brought new energy, insight and experience to the projects. GRA has a partnership with the Permaculture Research Institute of Australia to refer experienced volunteers to expand the knowledge and implementation of permaculture principles in the Mara region of Tanzania.

The first demonstration permaculture plot is a half acre on our office compound in Musoma. The garden provides food for staff and volunteers, as well as 40 children from the Musoma orphans project every Saturday. Musoma orphans meet here in the shade of our pavilion to collect sundries and participate in fun weekly activities like art, singing, drama and sports. Our second plot is on one acre in Kinesi Village at UVIMAKI Rural Development Association. It was designed and implemented by graduates of the 2007 Permaculture Design Course, and provides food for Association members.

Kinesi Orphans’ Garden

Another free screening of Gary Caganoff’s film featuring Mahboba’s Promise, ‘The Garden at the End of the World‘, will be held at the International Peace Research Association Conference at Sydney University on July 6th, 2010.

As part of the conference’s fringe events the film will be at the Footbridge Theatre* at 6pm. Gary, permaculturalist Rosemary Morrow, and Emtissal Little representing Mahboba’s Promise, will speak afterwards. Members of the public are inviteded to attend the screening.

Entry is free and Afghan refreshments will be provided.

Watch documentary trailer here:

Please circulate to your friends.

Mahboba’s Promise newsletter downloadable here as well.

*The Footbridge Theatre is part of Sydney University, at the southern end of the footbridge spanning Parramatta Road, just west of Glebe Point Road.

More details via press release below:

Media Release 29th June 2010 – Taking a brutally honest look at Afghanistan

The Garden at the End of the World is a confronting new documentary on Afghanistan illustrating the tragic consequences of war, and the widespread hunger, homelessness and lawlessness that it causes. The film, by award winning Australian filmmaker Gary Caganoff, portrays the lives of the hardest hit, the widows and orphans, who number in tens of thousands, following two remarkable Australian women; humanitarian, Mahboba Rawi, and internationally recognised permaculturalist Rosemary Morrow, who offer alternatives to the ‘reconstruction’ efforts that have not worked.

Through these two remarkable women Caganoff elicits stories and images of Afghani suffering rarely seen before. Neither sentimental nor sensational the film is remarkable, reaching into the depths and complexities of war torn Afghanistan.

Background

Mahboba Rawi, a refugee from the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan, lives in Sydney. In 2001 she established a not-for-profit organisation, Mahboba’s Promise, and began intervening and assisting thousands of homeless widows and orphans. Mahboba was recently honoured with an OAM for her outstanding work. Rosemary Morrow, based in the Blue Mountains, is a permaculturalist who has spent the last 30 years working with war torn communities, helping them to re-establish their lives centred on the self sufficiency and resilience they once enjoyed.

The Australian Federal Labour party’s policy shift includes deporting Afghans back to Afghanistan despite the escalating violence there. This will affect 290 Afghan children in Australia, who are without family, in detention.

“The Australian government’s belief that conditions in Afghanistan have improved and fewer people are facing persecution, is misguided”, says Gary. “The truth is that while Afghanistan now has more schools and mobile phone networks, the people are still hungry and traumatized by the on-going conflict. Five million children don’t go to school because their basic needs are still not being met.”

• 60,000 children work and beg on the streets of Kabul
• 60% of all Afghan children under the age of five suffer malnutrition

Clearly neither international aid nor security is working (see fact sheet below). The situation is worse than ever before.

“If we are making things worse, then should we be there at all?” asks Gary. This raises another question; if the Taliban take back control of the country, which is highly probable (without the help of international forces), what will happen to the Afghan people?

“It’s a catch 22, and I believe that only until we seriously look at our political and humanitarian agendas and acknowledge the contradictions between them, can we move forward.

"Peace in Afghanistan will be impossible until we take a brutally honest look at why we are there" say Gary.

ENDS

The Facts on Aid to Afghanistan

• Aid shortfall of $10bn – equivalent to thirty times the annual national education budget: donors committed to give $25bn aid since 2001 but have only delivered $15bn.
• 40% of aid goes back to donor countries in corporate profits and consultant salaries –
  some 6bn since 2001.
• Afghan government does not know how one-third of all aid since 2001 – some $5bn – has been spent, largely due to lack of coordination and communication.
• Over two-thirds of all aid bypasses the Afghan government.
• US military spends close to $100m a day in Afghanistan; yet the average volume of aid spent by all donors since 2001 is just $7m per day.
• Over half of aid is tied, requiring the procurement of donor-country goods and services.
• Less than 40% of technical assistance is coordinated with the government and only one-third of donor analytical or assessment work is conducted jointly.
• Profit margins are often 20% and can be as high as 50% on reconstruction contracts for international and Afghan contractor companies.
• Most full time expatriate consultants cost $250,000 – $500,000 a year, working in private consulting companies.

Source: Aid Effectiveness in Afghanistan. Author: Matt Waldman, Policy and Advocacy Adviser, Oxfam International, Afghanistan, Agency Coordinating Body for Afghan Relief (ACBAR). www.acbar.org

The hardest part of editing subtitles into something like this is getting people to co-ordinate their transcriptions. Jane Gapinski at Eco Films sat down and made the English subtitles first with timecode embedded in the text document which meant translators fluent in both English and Spanish were able to replace the English text in their preferred language and email the new document back to Jane.

This way all the timecode was preserved, allowing the Spanish text to easily cut in on cue with the action.

This process made the whole task a lot easier to embed text into the new DVD. Many thanks to the many helpers who helped spread Permaculture around the globe. PRI and Eco Films would like to thank:
El Efecto Borde from Argentina, Enrique J. Triñane from Uruguay, Gianna Bonis Profumo from Spain and Robert Parks from the USA.

It’s a great example of team co-operation amongst the international permaculture community.

Order the DVD here.

But wait, there’s more! We’re now awaiting the soon-to-be-released Permaculture Soils DVD! This DVD gets to the very heart of what’s needed for a permanent culture, examining that magical muck that is the foundation of all the aforementioned productions. This work shares insights from Geoff Lawton’s two and a half decade’s worth of worldwide experience in soil creation – an experience gained in some of the world’s most inhospitable environments – helping to make the impossibly complex come to life in wondrously understandable ways. I personally think that holistic studies in soil science should be compulsory, foundational elements for every school syllabus – and that if they had been we wouldn’t be in the mess we’re in today – and we hope this DVD will go some distance in making up for this major shortfall in mainstream education.

Check out the trailer, and then stay tuned for future updates on release.

The soil is the great connector of our lives, the source and destination of all. – Wendell Berry, The Unsettling of America, 1977

Reviewed by Owen Hablutzel

When is the last time you were surprised? It might have been a brand new volunteer plant in the garden, bizarre and beautiful fungi in the pasture, an incredible storm on the horizon, or a blessed windfall on the balance sheets! Given the inherent unpredictable nature of wholes – complex adaptive systems from cells, to bodies, to farms, societies and all of nature – we can be sure that surprise and unexpected change will happen quite frequently. If this is true at the home, farm or business scale it is all the more so at the regional, national, and global scales in today’s always changing and increasingly interconnected world.

In this shifting environment resilience – defined in Resilience Thinking as the capacity of a system to absorb change while still maintaining its basic structure and function – becomes all the more critical. This essential ability enables systems of all sizes, ecological and social, to continue providing the goods and services humans value and need, regardless of the inevitable surprises. As the book notes, the more resilient a ranch, business, ecosystem, or planet the more flexible and open it is to multiple options or uses, and the more forgiving of design or management mistakes.

The book, Resilience Thinking (a slim volume from Island Press), introduces the reader to a partly philosophical and partly practical, whole-systems framework (which could also describe Permaculture, of course) that has over 30 years of research and a library of scientific literature behind it (much of that theory and case-study literature is worth a look as well – for those with an interest in ecological resilience – but the introductory Resilience Thinking is the place to begin). Resilience concepts are explained clearly and concisely here, and offer a variety of crucial insights with great potential to further the creation of a sustainable future on many scales. Designers, managers, watershed and policy groups, and others will find well developed analytical tools and practical strategies for increasing the resilience of the systems they interact with. Included here are regional, resilience-based, case-studies from around the globe – stories about encroaching salinity in an Australian Catchment system, policy in the Florida Everglades, coral reef stability in the Caribbean, lakes in Wisconsin, and land use in Sweden. All demonstrate a resilience framework approach to the complex issues involved and help the reader extrapolate the principles and approaches to their own situations.

For those already designing and managing their systems by using the ethics, principles and directives of Permaculture, Resilience Thinking will integrate almost seamlessly with your current practice. It may also add a synergistic creative ‘juice’ to evolve and improve your design strategies through its fresh insights, emerging and effective ecological understanding, as well as novel analytical tools and design approaches that can greatly improve flexibility, diversity, and the odds of long-term success. Along with Permaculture thinking, resilience thinking is a major step towards the resilience doing that the planet, and its linked ecological-social systems, so urgently require!

Some key insights from this book:

• Change Happens! Ignoring or resisting the element of change and surprise in systems only increases risks and vulnerabilities. Resilience Thinking explains why the more a system is managed or designed towards one factor alone – like ‘maximum yield,’ the conventional mono-cultural, change-resisting strategy – the more that system’s resilience is actually diminished. Conversely, the authors articulate precisely how and why natural changes within systems actually function to increase the overall resilience of those systems, as well as how to best work with those changes.
• Systems have multiple stable states. A classic example of alternative stable states in brittle, dryland environments is grassland versus a shrub dominated system. Both states are in fact ecologically stable, but they are otherwise quite different states – with different rates of production, different responses to disturbance, different effects on the hydrological, mineral, bio-geo-chemical and energy cycles, and presenting different options and limitations to designers, managers and users. An example, in an aquaculture system, would be a clear water stable-state versus an algal bloom scenario, with effects of each right up the entire aquatic food chain, and beyond. Both are stable states of the system, yet completely different.
• Between stable states are thresholds that can be crossed. A system can shift quickly from one stable state into another, often with unwelcome surprises (grass to shrubs, clear pond to murky, or forest to desert on longer time scales). The more diminished the resilience of a system the closer that system is to a threshold. Being closer to a threshold, the system is far more likely to cross that threshold into an undesired state. Also, the closer a system is to a threshold the smaller the disturbance needed to cause a system transition (usually quite rapid) to an alternative stable state. Think ‘the straw that broke the camel’s back.’ Additionally, once a threshold is crossed it becomes far more difficult to manage the system back to its previous and often more desirable stable state. Think Humpty-Dumpty.
• Cross-Scale interactions are very important to how the whole system operates. Interactions across different scales affect the entire system. One example, a policy or legislative decision at the state scale can affect a policy or operations decision at the farm scale. Think ‘Noxious Weeds,’ or ‘Building Codes.’ Likewise, if enough land holders in a watershed adopt Permaculture, or resilience enhancing models of operation, those actions and their cumulative positive effects have much improved potential to link-up with scales beyond that region, and trigger changes in practice and policy for a much wider area (Quail Springs Permaculture Farm’s natural building work that is creating serious policy discussion at wider scales, for example). Another way to think about this is in terms of Permaculture Zones. What you learn in Zone 5 affects your evolving design strategies in Zone 1, and vice versa, making this a cross-scale relationship that affects the entire system. Or, birds (and other wildlife) with territories of a far larger scale than your backyard or small farm influence your system by dropping seeds and nutrient into your system, and likewise by taking seeds, microorganisms, etc, from your system out into the wider territory starting mini-groves, guilds, and new microbe colonies all over the place! These are all interactions across scales that impact our systems all the time and are key components of the resilience-creating dynamics.
• Change happens in an Adaptive Cycle. This is among the more novel and potentially useful insights of this framework. Not only does ‘change happen,’ but it tends to occur in a specific cycle called the Adaptive Cycle. This typically has four phases. 1. Rapid Growth phase. In a recently burned patch of forest this phase could be the explosive re-growth that can occur, characterized by pioneer plants and organisms. Next, 2. the Conservation phase. In our forest patch we would eventually see later successional species emerging, leading ultimately to a more mature forest ‘climax.’ 3. The Release phase follows and is often a very rapid phase. A new fire sweeps through the now overgrown (if never grazed or thinned) matured forested patch. The fire disturbance unlocks and releases all the nutrient and biomass built up during the Rapid Growth and Conservation phases, freeing these materials for new assignments in the next phase of the cycle, 4. Re-Organization. During the Re-Organization phase chance events and changes often play the largest role in defining the system’s new trajectory. In our forest patch this could be determined by which new seeds, fungi or organisms happen to establish a foothold first. Once this foothold is gained the Adaptive Cycle begins again, with a new Rapid Growth phase. Understanding the basic dynamics of this cycle provides insight into how and why systems change, as well as where and when different design or management options would and would not be likely to work. Knowing what phase of the Adaptive Cycle a system is currently in, and how the system’s resilience and responses will vary in accordance with those phases, is likewise, useful knowledge for many kinds of vital decisions.
• Managing for resilience does not require any fancy degree in Science. A basic and general understanding of the essential concepts elaborated in the book is plenty to begin using the resilience perspective in design planning, observing system feedbacks, and everyday activity.

So how resilient is your Permaculture system? And what of your local community? Your bioregion? Your watershed? This short introduction to thinking resiliently gives you the tools to decide. In these times of rapidly decreasing regional and global resilience, Resilience Thinking is a valuable addition to the library and toolbox of Permaculture designers, teachers, land managers, transition organizations, policy folk, and people everywhere working for a healthier, more regenerative, adaptive and resilient world.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Owen Hablutzel performs international work in Permaculture systems design, consultation, speaking, and education. He is a director of the Permaculture Research Institute, USA, and can be reached at owen (at) permacultureusa.org

There are a great many Joe Publics out there naively hand-wringing and even taking to the streets to protest over their government’s inability to implement carbon trading. But I’d propose they take a good look at the documents featured here, and consider the old proverb: "Be careful what you wish for, because you may get it."

I’ve personally been watching the carbon trading shenanigans for several years now, and from the earliest days it was clearly a case of obfuscation, delays and trying to get out of a mess using the same thinking that got us there in the first place. Rather than the systemic economic rethink we require, carbon trading is an attempt to patch the gaping holes in neo-liberal capitalism, to keep it afloat a little longer, whilst allowing those causing the greatest destruction to continue reaping the greatest rewards. Carbon offsetting concepts are based on the assumption that perpetual growth, consumer-based capitalism is our only option and must be preserved at any cost. It’s an attempt to bypass reality.

What fascinates me is how the majority of the world’s population are so easily duped into believing a total impossibility – that politicians can simultaneously grow the economy whilst reducing energy consumption. Indeed, it is this impossibility that has kept the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change hopping annually, from continent to continent, attending futile COP meetings for 15 years now – consistently failing to achieve anything. Worse, today we have countries vying, like they do for the olympics, for the ‘privilege’ of hosting these farcical events.

I hope these resources, reality checks that they are, will be spread far and wide.

1) Carbon Trading – How it works and why it fails

Carbon Trading – How it works and why it fails (850kb PDF)

Remember the Carbon Trading post I put up a while back? Well, in it I included the ability to download an important PDF, titled Carbon Trading – a Critical Conversation on Climate Change, Privatisation and Power. It was very well written, and highly illuminating, but since its publication in 2006 (and after hundreds of thousands of downloads from its source website) the authors of the study have been working on making the 350-page exposé even more accessible.

The latest iteration is titled Carbon Trading – How it works and why it fails (download link at right). It’s been streamlined down to a more readable 100 pages, and of course brought up to date to more accurately reflect the state of affairs we now find ourselves, post-Copenhagen, in 2010.

For your convenience, here’s a peek at the topics covered:

Chapter 1 » introduces carbon trading, how it works and some of the actors involved.

Chapter 2 » explores the origins and key actors involved in building the architecture of emissions trading.

Chapter 3 » examines the performance of the EU ETS and finds that it has generously rewarded polluting companies while failing to reduce emissions. Many of the scheme’s flaws, from the over allocation of permits to pollute onwards, are found to be fundamental to the cap and trade approach more generally.

Chapter 4 » outlines the performance of the CDM and looks at four case studies of CDM projects in Thailand, India, Indonesia and Brazil; it argues that offsets projects, even those that promote renewable energy, will not be a solution to climate change.

Chapter 5 » outlines what could work and ways forward for political organising around questions of climate change.

2) Upsetting the Offset

Upsetting the Offset (4.6mb PDF)

Upsetting the Offset is a larger, 380-page work with four main sections. The first introduces carbon trading and CDMs (Clean Development Mechanisms), ensuring you’re aware of the ‘logic’ behind these schemes and setting the stage for the offset concept to be… er… upset. The second includes detailed case studies on how carbon trading mechanisms have impacted people in the two-thirds world, in particular. The third steps back from these on-the-ground profiles to give greater context to how carbon trading is less a cure for capitalism than it is an extension of it – that it is in fact a way to create ‘fictitious commodities’ and thus capitalise on whole new frontiers of exploitation.

The fourth section dives into areas of thought that our reductionist politicians deftly avoid – discussing actual alternatives. In this section you’ve find chapters on ‘low impact development’, ‘planning for permaculture’, ‘inspiring examples’ (a section I hope will one day include our Permaculture Master Plan ‘clean development mechanism’) and much more.

Take a look, spread them around, and let us know your thoughts!

P.S.: If you haven’t seen it already, be sure to watch The Carbon Connection video.